A leader with an aggression level of 255 would act the same way as a leader with an aggression level of 3. Additionally, based on his memories of Civilization's source code, Reynolds stated that there was no unsigned variable in this section of code and that leaders could not act more aggressively than the most aggressive leaders of the game. In reality, according to the Civilization II lead game designer Brian Reynolds, there were only three possible aggression levels in Civilization, and even though Gandhi's AI had the lowest possible aggression level, he shared it with one third of all leaders. According to other sources, the bug first appeared in Civilization II. The bug was supposedly fixed in later versions of the game, but the developers liked it so much they decided to re-implement it in successive games as an easter egg and joke. This led to India suddenly attacking other civilizations with nuclear missiles. In Civilization's technology tree, nuclear weapons are generally unlocked only after democracy, so Gandhi's aggression level would have already spiked by the time India became nuclear-capable. The negative value would therefore result in an integer overflow, with the value being stored as 255 and Gandhi becoming about 25 times more aggressive than the most aggressive leaders in the game. However, the aggression level was stored as an 8-bit unsigned integer variable that could only store values in the range from 0 to 255 (or 2 8-1). In the case of Gandhi, this would lead to a negative aggression level of −1.
Once the AI changed its government form to democracy, which was preferred by peaceful nations such as India, its aggression level decreased by 2. Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi was the only leader in the game with the lowest possible aggression rating of 1 and, as a result, was only able to wage defensive wars. According to other sources, there was a scale from 1 to 12. Integer overflow can be explained with an odometer: on a six-digit odometer, the zero is preceded by 999999 and in an eight-bit integer variable zero appears after 255Īccording to the legend, each leader's artificial intelligence in Civilization had a parameter that described his or her aggression on a scale from 1 to 10, with 1 being the least aggressive and 10 being the most aggressive.
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